Congress must seize this opportunity to enact H.R. 7024 and retroactively restore R&D expensing for American small and midsize businesses.
The U.S. Senate must act quickly on the Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024), which would provide critical, long-awaited support and certainty to American small and midsize businesses.
Since 1954, American businesses have been allowed to deduct their research and development (R&D) expenses in the year incurred, just like their other ordinary and necessary business expenses.
Firmly rooted in the Internal Revenue Code, R&D expensing has been an uninterrupted U.S. tax policy for nearly 70 years and empowered American businesses to invest in innovative new products and services. However, since January 2022, businesses have been required to amortize (deduct ratably) their domestic R&D expenses over five years.
Unlike R&D expensing, R&D amortization reduces economic growth, penalizes investments by companies in R&D-intensive industries—which has a disproportionate effect on smaller manufacturing and technology companies—and puts American businesses at a competitive disadvantage.
Delaying action any further risks the permanent loss of R&D spending and penalizes investment in R&D-intensive industries.
Impact on Small Businesses
Small businesses have been negatively impacted the most by R&D amortization.
Small businesses spend a much higher percentage of their sales on R&D than larger ones. Unlike some large corporations, small and midsize businesses usually do not have easy access to extra cash or the flexibility to move their R&D operations outside the United States (where R&D expensing is widely available).
Furthermore, since mandatory R&D amortization went into effect, many small businesses have suffered cash flow and liquidity issues, compounded by higher taxes on the same income. Small and midsize research-intensive companies have been especially hard hit, with some forced to take out high-interest loans, raise prices, and stop hiring just to survive and pay their taxes.
Manufacturing accounts for approximately 58% of private-sector R&D in the United States. Small and midsize U.S. manufacturers are typically unable to move their R&D activities to more pro-growth tax environments outside the United States. Restoring R&D expensing, albeit temporarily, would help American small businesses immensely, especially those in the manufacturing and information technology sectors.
Bottom Line
Congress must seize this opportunity to enact H.R. 7024 and retroactively restore R&D expensing for American small businesses. This pro-growth legislation is vital to the survival of many of America’s most innovative small and midsize businesses. Its enactment would help resolve their cash-flow and liquidity issues while reinvigorating domestic capital investment. It would also represent an important step toward permanently restoring R&D expensing as a cornerstone of U.S. tax policy.
Want to read more about R&D?
Check out a recent opinion piece by CCCBI and LifeScience members Laura Berry, of Bowers R&D Associates and Emma Watson, of Novocure.